In the thrilling performance of athletics, where each heartbeat regulates endurance, speed, and accuracy, the heart acts as a precisely calibrated metronome. However, for certain athletes, this metronome conceals a hidden discord—Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM). Beneath the façade of their top physical condition lies a thickened myocardium, a stealthy underminer of the left ventricle’s functionality. While VO₂ max assessments test limits and ECGs map electrical patterns, the thickened heart muscle discreetly disrupts systemic blood flow, transforming what should be a peak moment in a career into a peak of risk. For these athletes, the increased cardiac output required by their sport amplifies the risks, making sudden cardiac arrest a harsh reality rather than a remote likelihood. Therefore, in the competition of life, their toughest opponent may be not the rival on the field but the hidden intricacies within their own heart.
The Growing Awareness of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Abu Dhabi
Recent studies done by American Heart Association show that over 1 in 500 individuals globally may be affected by Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM), though many remain undiagnosed. In Abu Dhabi (UAE), heightened efforts in screenings done by doctors & specialists have improved the detection rates of heart muscle thickening, a hallmark of HCM, ensuring better patient outcomes.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM): An Overview
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a condition characterised by the abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the left ventricle, which can impair heart function. Unlike thickening caused by high BP or athletic training, HCM occurs without an obvious cause and is usually associated with genetic causes. The condition can range from asymptomatic to severe, potentially resulting in life-threatening complications such as arrhythmias or sudden cardiac arrest. This condition is one of the most common inherited cardiac disorders, making genetic screening critical for early detection & management. HCM is divided into 2 primary forms, as follows:
- Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM): In this form, the thickened heart muscle obstructs blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta.
- Non-obstructive HCM: Blood flow remains unaffected despite the thickened muscle.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Athletes: Risks and Precautions
Athletes with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) face unique challenges due to the strain placed on their cardiovascular systems. Here is what you need to know:
- Increased Risk of Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Physical exertion in athletes can trigger fatal arrhythmias, especially in those with undiagnosed obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pre-participation screenings with ECG and echocardiography are vital.
- Symptoms Often Overlooked: Many athletes dismiss symptoms like shortness of breath or fatigue as routine post-exercise issues. However, these may indicate compromised heart function because of heart muscle thickening.
- Tailored Exercise Programs: Intense competitive sports are often discouraged for individuals with HCM. Instead, moderate, physician-supervised exercise can improve overall health while minimizing risks.
- Genetic Counseling: Athletes with a family history of HCM should undergo genetic testing. Early detection can prevent life-threatening complications and guide safe participation in sports.
- Regular Monitoring: Advanced imaging technologies, like cardiac MRI, are crucial for tracking changes in the heart structure and ensuring timely intervention.
Heart Muscle Thickening: The Core of HCM
Heart muscle thickening, specifically in the left ventricle, is the defining characteristic of HCM. Such thickening reduces the chamber size, impeding the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently. Over time, the stiffness of the thickened muscle can result in increased pressure in the heart, contributing to symptoms such as chest pain & breathlessness.
Symptoms of HCM: Recognize the Warning Signs
The symptoms of HCM can vary widely, ranging from mild to severe. Timely diagnosis of these symptoms is crucial, as they can escalate into more severe complications such as heart failure or sudden cardiac arrest. So, these common symptoms include the following:
- Chest pain or discomfort.
- Fatigue & reduced exercise capacity.
- Palpitations or irregular heartbeats.
- Fainting episodes, especially after exercise.
- Shortness of breath, specifically during exertion.
Heart Function in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
HCM significantly impacts heart function, especially the heart’s ability to fill with and pump blood. The thickened heart muscle can obstruct blood flow, resulting in reduced oxygen delivery to the body. Also, the stiff heart walls increase pressure in the heart chambers. This can lead to pulmonary congestion & other complications.
Genetic Causes of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
HCM is predominantly a genetic condition, caused by mutations in genes encoding heart muscle proteins. Inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, there is a fifty percent chance of passing the condition to offspring. Genetic counseling & testing are essential, not only for patients but also for their families, ensuring early identification & management.
Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Special Consideration
In obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the thickened muscle impedes blood flow, resulting in severe symptoms & complications. The obstruction worsens during physical activity, making this form of HCM especially dangerous for athletes. Treatments usually include medicines, surgical interventions such as septal myectomy, or minimally invasive procedures like alcohol septal ablation to alleviate the obstruction.
Contact Doctor Arun Hari for Expert HCM Care in Abu Dhabi (UAE)
For individuals experiencing symptoms or seeking expert care for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM), Doctor Arun at the Department of Cardiology in LLH Hospital in Abu Dhabi (UAE) provides world-class diagnosis & treatment(s). Leveraging cutting-edge technologies & a patient-centred approach, Doctor Hari specialises in managing complex cases of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, improving heart health & quality of life. Visit us for more information or schedule a consultation today to take the 1st step towards a healthier heart. By addressing every aspect of HCM—from its causes to treatment—he aims to empower patients & their families with the knowledge they need to make informed decisions for their heart health.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) happens to be a condition that requires careful attention, particularly for athletes & individuals with a family history of the illness. When diagnosed early & treated specifically, individuals with HCM can effectively manage their condition and enjoy a satisfying life with the help of Dr. Arun Hari in Abu Dhabi. Focusing on heart health now paves the way for a stronger & safer future.
